THE EFFECT OF THE DEATH AND RESURRECTION OF JESUS

There are two conditions for mankind, what was due to the actions of Adam, and what happened as a result of the death of Jesus on the cross.
1 Cor 15:21.

" For since by man (Adam) came death, by Man came also the resurrection of the dead."
For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive;" "

See also Romans 5:12-19
One man, Adam, brought sin into the world, God provided a way out of sin through the action of a second Man, Jesus.
When Adam and Eve disobeyed God, two events occurred, first, the Spirit of God could not exist with sin, so the Spirit departed from Adam and Eve. Secondly, everlasting life was lost and Adam and Eve physically started to die.
Under the rules set by God, sin was any disobedience of Him. Though God is full of love for His creation mankind, because God is pure and holy, He cannot accept any kind of wrong. God had to punish, so as a result of his disobedience Mankind received spiritual death, which was separation from God and also physical death.
As it was a man who had sinned then punishment must be for each man and woman, unless, someone could take the punishment in the place of men and women, only someone who was a man and who had not sinned could do this. Only God had not sinned but He could not die in the place of men and women, it had to be a sinless man. Therefore, Jesus, the Son of God, came into the world as a divine God/man and took the punishment for ALL men and women when He died on the cross. Phil 2:6-8; Heb 2:9; Heb 10:5-10
Though Jesus took the punishment for ALL the sins of Mankind, it is a gift which has to be accepted or rejected.
John 3:16.

"For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in Him should not perish, but have everlasting life,"

Propitiation

This word has a wonderful meaning, "to turn away punishment by satisfying justice." When Jesus died He took upon Himself all the anger and wrath of God against the sins of mankind, there is now no more anger to be satisfied by punishment, God’s justice has been satisfied, sin paid for by the death of the God/man Jesus.
Some people do not like this idea as they do not want to admit that God can be angry over sin and is not just a God of love. See some references to the wrath of God, John 3:36; Rom 9:22; Eph 5:6; Col 3:6.
Remember that God is the righteous judge and must judge against any sin, for He is sovereign and must be obeyed, love cannot overrule judgement.

Redemption

The word "redemption" was well known in the times of the Old and New Testaments, it was used with slavery. To a slave, Redemption meant that they were released from their slavery, they are set free by someone paying the slave ransom payment. Compare 1 Peter 1:18,19, redeemed or set free; Acts 20:28, purchased; Gal 3:13, redeemed; Rev 5:9, purchased.
Under the Law a Redeemer has to be "next of kin," the Redeemer of the human race must be a sinless human, Heb 2:14,15.

Each person on the earth is creating a debt of sin since their birth, each of us has broken the Laws of God, we are not able to keep them. But, when Jesus died on the cross, the price was paid, therefore our Debt of Sin was cancelled out, and we are released from the slavery of Satan.
This does not end the action, just before Jesus gave up His life, He shouted the word Telelestai, this is usually translated, it is finished , but was the word used by the Roman judge when a prisoner was released, Telelestai, "Paid in Full" was written across any charge against the prisoner.
To God, the death of His Son "Paid in Full" the debt of sin for mankind. However, if a person chooses not to accept the gift, then they will have to pay the penalty for their sin themselves.

Reconciliation

This word suggests two people who have been separated being brought back into a close relationship.
In the original New Testament Greek, three different words are used which we translate reconciliation.
1) In Matt 5:24 the word daillassomal is used to indicate both people are against each other. This word is never associated with God.
2) Apokatatallasso has the meaning of one person has a change from hatred, enmity or enemy to fellowship with the other.
3) The third word, katallasso, was in common use in the New Testament, e.g. 2 Cor 5:17-21. The meaning is similar to Apokatatallasso, only one person in a relationship has turned away and needs to be brought back.
The Bible used the word to indicate that God has been able to restore the fellowship with man. God has not changed, His love for His creation is the same. Mankind rejected Him, but now by the action of Jesus the fellowship can be restored if a person chooses to accept Jesus as their Saviour.
Consider the story of the Prodigal son, Luke 15:11-24, the son rejected the life offered by the father, but on return the father, who had loved his son all the time, wanted to restore the same relationship. There is an important point about this parable, it does not teach that all are children of God, the son represents those who admit they are sinners and want to get right with God. The son had to start with repentance, reconciliation comes as a result.

Justification

Proved to be right, acceptable.
When Jesus died He took all of the worlds sins upon Him, a true believer is sin free but still not acceptable in the eye’s of God, we need the righteousness of Christ, 2 Corinthians 5:21, a persons sin was covered and replaced by the righteousness of Christ. This righteousness is like a cloak placed over and around a person, covering the human nature, God only sees the righteousness of His Son Jesus when He looks at a true believer, this was placed there when a person puts their faith in Christ, an act of faith. Rom 8:1.
Rom 5:1,2, "being justified by faith", the original Greek indicates a once and only action, never needs to be repeated, therefore we have peace with God for ever, through His grace. John 5:24; Rom 8:31.

Forgiveness

A pure and holy God demanded that sin had to be punished. As a result of the redemptive act by Jesus the debt of the sin of all mankind was cancelled, Col 2:13,14, once we were dead in sin, then God made us alive in Christ, finally we were forgiven. The Greek word used having forgiven means that it was a once event, all forgiveness happened at the cross.
If we look at Acts 13:38,39; 1 John 1:6-9. Heb 10:14,17, we find forgiveness is eternal and unchangeable.
Unfortunately, many Believers read "having forgiven" only meaning "all the sins before" they believed. The believer then thinks that they cannot have future sins. This is wrong thinking, when Christ died all my sins were future as I had not been born, so they were all forgiven before I was born, all sins were future or God could not be able to accept me, Jesus has paid for them all, they have now been blotted out of the memory of God forever. all He now requires is we "walk by faith in the Spirit," Gal 5:16

Freedom

Paul talks about our old nature being buried with Christ, Rom 6:6-11, our old nature is dead, we are free from it. See also Eph 4:22-24; Col 3:9,10. Unfortunately, though we have died to the old nature, the Law, Satan and our sin nature still exist and which are daily fighting us.
What have we actually been set free from?

The Penalty of Sin, 1 Cor 15:3

The daily deliverance from the power of sin. Rom 6:10,11

We are able to overcome these because a true believer has the Holy Spirit living in them. John 8:33.
Even though we have the power of God to resist we are still open to attack by Satan who uses our old sin nature to make us fail.
The Law still has control because it tells us when we have failed the standard of God. We would not know not to do these things if God had not said "no," Exodus 20:-
e.g. " Thou shalt not commit adultery.
Thou shalt not steal.
Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.
Paul also points out that the law will also make the sin nature of man sin more Rom 5:20, showing how evil mankind is. This should drive us to seek a way to salvation, Gal 3:24,25.
Finally, Christ’s death sets us free from the power of Satan, he has no control over a true believer. Col 2:13-15.